擅长白癜风的辩证论治 https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1706675193886405345&wfr=spider&for=pc19世纪，当俱乐部足球在英国开始流行时，球员们并不需要号码。当时球队的阵容几乎都是2-3-5，而且不允许有替补球员，所以观众们可以根据球场上的位置来分辨球员。随着战术的发展，开始将球员从1号编到11号，随后编号也越来越自由。不过，至今1-11号仍大多留给首发球员，也算是老传统了。
Sep1st?TheEconomistexplains?words
Questiontoday
TheEconomistexplains万物解释
Howdofootballersgettheirshirtnumbers?
足球运动员是如何得到球衣号码的?
Players’positionsarenolongeridentifiedfromoneto11球员的位置不再从1到11
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原文阅读
IN,CRISTIANORONALDOmovedfromManchesterUnitedtoRealMadridinadealworth￡80m(matthetime),thenarecordtransferfeeforafootballer.NowheisreturningtotheEnglishclub,overthehillat36,foraknockdown￡12.85m(17.6m).ButitwasuncertainwhetherRonaldo(whosefullnameisCristianoRonaldodosSantosAveiro)couldkeephisfamousnumber,seven.ThenumberwasfirstgiventohimbySirAlexFerguson,ManchesterUnited’smanager,whenRonaldojoinedtheclubin,andhehasworniteveryseasonsincebarone,whenhemovedtoMadrid.PremierLeaguerulesstatethataplayermustretainhisnumberthroughouttheseason,andEdinsonCavanihasalreadystartedinthesevenshirtforUnitedthisseason.ButonSeptember2ndtheleagueagreedtomakeanexceptionforRonaldo.Howdofootballersgettheirshirtnumbers?
WhenclubfootballbecamepopularinEnglandinthe19thcentury,playerswouldappearwithoutanumber.Insteadtheywereidentifiedbytheirpositiononthepitch.Teamsalmostalwaysplayedina2-3-5formation(twofullbacks,threehalfbacksandfiveforwards,plusagoalkeeper),andsubstituteswerenotpermitted,sotrackingplayerswaseasy.ThefirstrecordofshirtnumbersatclublevelwasinAugust,whenArsenalandChelseaworetheminmatchesagainstSheffieldWednesdayandSwanseaTown,respectively.England’snationalteamdidn’tdonnumbersofficiallyuntil,whentheybeatNorway6-0inOslo.IntheFootballLeagueManagementCommittee,thesport’sgoverningbodyinEngland,votedthatallclubsmustnumbertheirplayers’shirtsfromoneto11.Fromasubstitutewasallowedtowear12,andwhenasecondsubstitutewaspermittedfromtheyusuallyplayedin14(13beingthoughtunlucky).
Oneto11correspondedtohowthe2-3-5formationwouldappearinnewspaperreportsandmatchdayprogrammes.Itscanneddownthepage:thegoalkeeperworenumberone,rightbacktwo,leftbackthree,etc,downtotheattackingleftwingerat11.Thesenumberslargelyenduredastacticschangedfroma2-3-5formationto4-4-2,whicharrangedtheteaminlinesoffourdefenders,fourmidfieldersandtwostrikers.Thismeanttherewasnolongerastrictlinkbetweenpositionsandshirtnumbers(seechart).Andnoteverycountry’stacticsevolvedidentically.ForexampleHungary’snationalsideinthesnumberedtheirdefendersfromtwotofour,withfiveplayinginmidfield,ratherthanindefenceaswas
